Exchange Rate Cycles and Canada/US Manufacturing Prices

The paper examines the industry characteristics that are related to the shifts in competitiveness, measured as the relative common-currency price ratios between Canadian and US manufacturing prices. We find that relative input costs and relative productivity growth are the two most important factors influencing changes in relative Canada/US prices. Competitive pressures emanating from trade are important determinants of the extent to which relative productivity differences are passed through to cross-country relative prices. We also find that the magnitude of domestic market competition and export intensity affects the short-run relative price shifts over the cycle of exchange rate. JEL no. E30, F31, L60     

中国高新技术产业研发资本存量和研发产出效率

本文运用中国高新技术产业的面板数据，在测算研发资本存量的基础上．构建了柯布一道格拉斯型研发生产函数．研究了研发生产的要素投入问题、研发生产的性质及其相关影响因素。研究发现：（1）在我国高新技术产业研发生产中，研发资本的贡献高于研发人员的贡献，研发生产过程表现出规模报酬递增的特征；（2）外资产权、企业规模对研发产出效率呈显著正效用；国有产权、以企业数为指标的市场结构以及绩效（利润和税收）对研发产出效率呈显著负效用：（3）我国国有及国有控股高新技术企业产权清晰度较高．对研发产出效率负面影响较小；法制不健全、政策不稳定等外部因素对我国高新技术产业研发产出效率负面影响较大。     

中国官方汇率与黑市汇率的结构平稳性和联动性研究

本文试图检验人民币兑换美元的官方汇率和黑市汇率在1961年1月至2005年8月间的结构平稳性,并基于向量自回归(VAR)系统分析这两种汇率的Granger因果性和脉冲响应。同时,从对黑市外汇需求角度剖析了影响黑市名义汇率波动的因素,从而揭示了黑色汇市存在的关键原因。最后,就黑色汇市现状对官方汇市制度的影响进行了深刻反思。     

《个人外汇管理办法》实施中的行政执法问题研究

经济的不断发展使得个人的外汇运用需求不断加大。目前行政执法过程中存在难点及问题,为此应做好以下几点：改善外汇执法的外部环境;加强个人外汇信用体系建设;建立个人用汇环境维护的长效机制;严格外汇执法程序;完善处罚机制。     

论产业转移对人民币汇率的影响及我国贸易结构的调整--兼论我国中性贸易战略

本文建立了产业转移影响实际汇率变动的理论模型,并检验了20世纪60年代以来日本的实际汇率、80年代以来人民币实际汇率的变动及我国贸易特化系数,认为巴拉萨-萨缪尔森效应所认为的贸易品劳动生产率降低带来的实际汇率上升在中国是存在的.针对我国加工贸易比重过大的现实,本文提出应当在及时调整我国贸易结构的基础上合理重估人民币汇率.     

The welfare effect of international asset market integration under nominal rigidities

This paper assesses the impact of integrating international asset markets when segmented markets are not the only distortion. Using a two-country general equilibrium model with nominal rigidities and monetary shocks, we show that integration is not universally beneficial. Instead, the welfare impact depends on the degree to which exchange rate fluctuations are passed through to consumer prices. While the integration is welfare neutral in the polar cases of complete or zero pass-through, this is not the case when pass-through is partial. When shocks are equally volatile in both countries, integration can be detrimental or beneficial depending on the degree of pass-through. When shocks are more volatile in one country, it benefits from integration compared with the more stable country.     

职业经理人激励与约束机制若干问题研究

随着市场经济的逐渐成熟,针对职业经理人的激励与约束问题已越来越成为决定企业成败的关键。本文从激励与约束的经典理论出发,来揭示职业经理人激励与约束方面存在的问题,进而提出完善职业经理人激励与约束机制的建议与措施。     

An objective function for simulation based inference on exchange rate data

The assessment of models of financial market behaviour requires evaluation tools. When complexity hinders a direct estimation approach, e.g., for agent based microsimulation models, simulation based estimators might provide an alternative. In order to apply such techniques, an objective function is required, which should be based on robust statistics of the time series under consideration. Based on the identification of robust statistics of foreign exchange rate time series in previous research, an objective function is derived. This function takes into account stylized facts about the unconditional distribution of exchange rate returns and properties of the conditional distribution, in particular, autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity and long memory. A bootstrap procedure is used to obtain an estimate of the variance-covariance matrix of the different moments included in the objective function, which is used as a base for the weighting matrix. Finally, the properties of the objective function are analyzed for two different agent based models of the foreign exchange market, a simple GARCH-model and a stochastic volatility model using the DM/US-$ exchange rate as a benchmark. It is also discussed how the results might be used for inference purposes. Research has been supported by the DFG grant WI 20024/2-1/2. We are indebted to two anonymous referees of this journal, Leigh Tesfatsion, Patrick Burns and other participants of the CEF’06 conference in Limassol for helpful comments on preliminary versions of this paper.     

Stochastic volatility with leverage: Fast and efficient likelihood inference

This paper is concerned with the Bayesian analysis of stochastic volatility (SV) models with leverage. Specifically, the paper shows how the often used Kim et al. [1998. Stochastic volatility: likelihood inference and comparison with ARCH models. Review of Economic Studies 65, 361–393] method that was developed for SV models without leverage can be extended to models with leverage. The approach relies on the novel idea of approximating the joint distribution of the outcome and volatility innovations by a suitably constructed ten-component mixture of bivariate normal distributions. The resulting posterior distribution is summarized by MCMC methods and the small approximation error in working with the mixture approximation is corrected by a reweighting procedure. The overall procedure is fast and highly efficient. We illustrate the ideas on daily returns of the Tokyo Stock Price Index. Finally, extensions of the method are described for superposition models (where the log-volatility is made up of a linear combination of heterogenous and independent autoregressions) and heavy-tailed error distributions (student and log-normal).     

CALCULATING TRAGEDY: ASSESSING THE COSTS OF TERRORISM

Abstract.  The trends and consequences of terrorist activities are often captured by counting the number of incidents and casualties. More recently, the effects of terrorist acts on various aspects of the economy have been analyzed. These costs are surveyed and put in perspective. As economic consequences are only a part of the overall costs of terrorism, possible approaches for estimating the utility losses of the people affected are discussed. Results using the life satisfaction approach, in which individual utility is approximated by self-reported subjective well-being, suggest that people's utility losses may far exceed the purely economic consequences.